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Senin, 07 September 2009

Relevance and Necessity of the Mysticism
In the Modern World
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By: Muhammad Abduh Ali Saputra
NIM: 410601004
Abstraction
“Growing century has arrived, modern technology progressively expanded. Who cannot pursue growth mean static and undeveloped as old fashion. This is statement which fishing us fall to plunge into bargain of Modernism. This is a symbol of progress sign but modernism also represents diffident sign. Development in so many areas was happen, from economic area until technological area. This situation have making us forget who are us in fact? A Modern human was perceive their self as human itself and forgot their spiritual unsure and just consent on their humanism. In reality, modernism more and more day brings our self enclosed up with growth of technology. More effect, understanding of spiritually aspect will be replaced with understanding of all earthly wish modernly. Materialism principle was fulfilling mind brain, discharging religion control. Modern society increasingly deify existence of science, hence our likely reside at marginal region which was losing Divinity vision. This matter makes us more and more heaviness and barren heart by World, effect of don't have hold of life and far to their origin, their Divine aspect”

A. Preface
That abstraction is an image which indicating that modern world have brought human being into detached of spirit. Progress of technology and various materialism views have entered into human being itself. A Modern human was perceive their self as human itself and forgot their spiritual unsure and just consent on their humanism. More effect, understanding of spiritually aspect will be replaced with understanding of all earthly wish modernly. Materialism principle was fulfilling mind brain, discharging religion control. Will this situation still going on without spirituality control? Of course not!!!!. Mysticism which the traditional doctrine and spirituality of Divinity projected can become stability tool of that situation.
However, how does mysticism communicate with modernism? Will mysticism can and relevant with progress of modern world? Or even mysticism becomes a compulsion or necessity in this modern world? These are questions which trying to be answered in this handing out. Of course becoming question hereinafter is which is mysticism? Because it’s many pattern of mysticism which exactly far from the Divinity and aspect of traditional doctrines. 1 They are only presenting social piously, without touching aspect of spiritual. How mysticism realizes in this modern world? This also becomes discussion in this paper.

A. Searching significance of Mysticism in answering modernity.
Today Sufism is a name without a reality. It was once a reality without a name. (Abu Hasan Fushanji in Tenth century). Now the name exists without reality. 2 This is statement a middle ages one of Sufi, depicting by then, Sufi have far from its reality. Or become phenomenon of social took a fancy to many people however far from content and meaning of spiritualities.
What is going on modern world, more or less is equal to that situation, even more hardly. Modern world which is really expanding has closed spiritual eyes of human being. As early, modern have snatch the Divine side exist of Human. Mysticism or how they name it, have many wrong interpreted. Even was destroyed with practices of Sufism which there's only on the surface of without touching spirituality aspect. This matter there is mistake in meaning and expressing Mysticism, as F. Schuon in his article;
“Men of modern culture are no longer accustomed to think in terms of symbols and so modern investigations are unable to distinguish between what, in two analogous traditional expressions, belongs to the external form and what is the essential element, and for that very reason the Modern people is led to see borrowings by one tradition from another where in fact there is only a coincide of spiritual vision, and fundamental divergences where it is only a question of differences in perspective or in mode of expression.” (Frithjof Schuon, The Transendent Unity of religions. (2nd ed.) Harper and Row, New York. 1975)
The modern man problems were signed by their misunderstanding to the traditional and forgetting the transcendent aspect of life. They views that any contradicting in Sufism. To do this does not involve contradicting in any way the point of view inherent Sufism, for Sufism has always recognized the principle according to which the divine revelation. 3
To the problems caused by forgetting of the transcendent dimension of life by modern man, by the imprisonment of his being in the cage of the material world and by the limiting of his horizon to a purely corporeal one, Sufism answer by recalling the truth that man was made for immortality and his intelligence was created to grasp the Absolute. Hence no mortal existence, no matter how can satisfy his soul. To the problems of the pathetic lot of modern, secularized man, Sufism would answer by pointing out that man has become miserable only because he no longer knows who he s; and the modern sciences of man as they are usually thought do not aid him one iota in discovering his true identity. One the positive side the very doctrines and methods of Sufism can act as criteria for judging all that passes in the Modern world for “way of realization”; at least for those a discerning spirit. 4
Since Sufism is a tradition that is the transmission of wisdom divine in origin there is both a perpetuation in time and a continual renewal by contact with the source which lies outside time. Every traditional doctrine is by definition immutable in essence but its formulation may be renewed within the framework of the given “conceptual style” in relation to different possible modes of intuition and according to human circumstances.
So in here, Sufism or Mysticism was become progressively as far as modernity. The truly mysticism was not related with time it self but its expanding as far as human able to expression the traditional doctrine and Divine revelation in their life as origin. For that reason, some of Truly Sufis was formulated some theory about Sufism. Simply they derived Sufism to two aspects. Firstly is doctrine and secondly is method. Doctrine is Divine doctrine with mukasyafah unveiling, or metaphysics truth as mode of understanding to comprehension to God. Method is mode of being which contemplative truth by express the doctrine to permanent concentration of the Absolute. Method also derived to spiritual virtue and beauty. Both are two things in the spiritual life, on of them internal as inward space of soul and other external as environment which exists around us. 5

B. Social Virtuous becomes Phenomenon in Modern World.
After we identify how Mysticism can answered modernity with various argument and their doctrine of truth. In other side, especially in social aspect was happened practice and understanding of mistaken Sufism in modern era. They have incorrect in meaning spirituality, so that they are fascinated only in pious of social aspect. They become profane man of modern which try plop down in domain of spirituality of Mysticism without seeing how Sufism in method and doctrine.
Spirituality is a matter of reunion with God and this reunion may be seen as a movement from where we are to where we should be. Considered from the perspective of Gnosis, it is a progress or journey toward the Truth _from the illusions of the ego through the intellect toward the Supreme Reality. 6 Much of modern people were extended their ego, with their existentialism. They argue that they are thinking so they are existing Man. Modern man just view the celestial world as matter form without terrestrial spirit. They as human being were seeing their life in this world, without seeing their spiritual aspect. They are unable to see the Reality.
Even, now was happened some people in modern era was claimed that their self as spiritually man. They perceived that spirituality can be obtained without religion. Are they right? It’s become a seriously problem. Mysticism tradition of revelation and Divinity was existed just on Religions. In its universal understanding, Mysticism include mystique dimension from all religion. Religion was supposing a tree which its roots in the form of religious practice. The Tree bough is mysticism and its fruit is truth. And whole mysticism has the same target that is experience of direct to the Divine. “Conforming to God”
The profane man in modern era are conscious of only a small part of his own soul, and since whole substance has to be discovered, mystical practices often lead first of all to experience which are not spiritual but only physics, how ever strange and even wonderful they may seem. The greatest danger is that individual consciousness should be considered as the Supreme Self, and that the whole doctrine, together with the traditionally recorded experiences of the saints, should be complacently interpreted as a confirmation and a nourishing for this worst of all self-deceptions
The intellectual essence of Sufism makes imprints even on the purely human aspect of the way which may in practice concede with the religious virtues. In the Sufi perspective the virtue are nothing other than human images or subjective traces’ of universal truth. 7
To counter this phenomenon, its must cleared that spiritual virtue is not necessarily a social virtue in a direct sense, and the external manifestation of one and the same virtue by different according to the point of view of the circumstances. It’s different in mode of expression. In such a Sufi the affirmation of his person is in reality only a submission to the impersonal truth he incarnates; his humility lies in his extinction in an aspect of glory which is not his own. The spiritual virtue are as it were supports in man for the Divine truth, they are also reflection of that truth.

C. The Realization of Mysticism in Modern World
Hereinafter, after we discerned problem in modern man, here I will stretch out open two expression of Mysticism able to answer their problems after. Both are as exclusiveness and inclusiveness expressions. These represent an analysis to realization Mysticism in modern world. How are their form and nature of mysticism?
Sufism is central, exalted, profound and mysterious; it is inexorable, exacting, powerful, dangerous, aloof and necessary. Exclusiveness in sacred, In excluding the profane, as the sacred does by definition; Sufism does not exclude only atheism and agnostics but also and exotericism which claim to be self-sufficient and to comprise within its narrow compass all that is required of man by way of response to the divine revelation. As martin Lings said that “Sufism is powerful because it is no less than the Divine Means of the all-overwhelming triumph of the Absolute” 8.
This is the exclusiveness mode of Mysticism expression, which prohibit to atheism and agnostics to join with method or practical Mysticism. As we know that in modern era was much people were become atheism and agnostics, but some of them was claimed they are have spiritual. On my opinion it’s just kidding and nonsense. So in journey of Sufism, one must seriously comprehension to Divinity, know the Reality and must study about Truth Doctrine of Sufism if they are beginner or lay person.
Much modern people who claiming to be Sufis, maintain that Sufism is independent of any particular religion and that it has always existed, they unwittingly reduce it to network of artificial inland waterways.
Sufism has right to be inexorable because it is base on certainties, not on opinions. It has the obligation to be inexorable because mysticism is the sole repository of Truth in the fullest sense, being concerned above all with the Absolute, the Infinite and the Eternal, and we salt have a lost his savior, where with shall it be salted? Without mysticism, reality would have no voice in the world. There would be no record of the true hierarchy, and no witness that it is continually being violated. 9
The other mode of expression of Mysticism is a called especially as Sufism. According Martin Lings, “Sufism is nothing other than Islamic Mysticism, which means that it is the central and most powerful current of that tidal wave which constitutes the revelation of Islam and it will be clear from what has just been said that to affirm this is in no sense depreciation, as some appear to think. It is on the contrary an affirmation that Sufism is both authentic and effectual” 10
In other words, by being totally dependent upon one particular revelation, Sufism is totally independent of everything else. But while being self-sufficient it can, if time and place concur, pluck flowers from gardens other than its own. “Seek knowledge even if it be in china” It becomes an inside inclusiveness expression of Islam especially for Sufism. So in this modern era, people can get their truth by take a Sufis path, because the path which truly Sufism will bring them to Spirituality and to the Absolute.
Mysticism by mode of expressions, It’s should be can be realized in this modern world, because this expression is independently from time and space. Sufism with tradition that is the transmission of wisdom divine in origin there is both a perpetuation in time and a continual renewal by contact with the source which lies outside time. Every traditional doctrine is by definition immutable in essence but its formulation may be renewed within the framework of the given “conceptual style” in relation to different possible modes of intuition and according to human circumstances.

D. Conclusion
Every form of mysticism begins with a quest for the ‘primordial state’, since this state means human perfection which is the only basis for the spiritual ascent. What distinguished Islamic Mysticism from many others is that it looks for its ideal to man as he was created, that is, to a perfection which would accord with the Earthly Paradise. Therefore modern man should be take a path of Sufism to rediscovery their origin and finding one Reality in this world.
Mysticism becomes necessity at this modern world. With doctrine and method of Sufism, its very closed with Divinity has signed human being to return to their origin. Very important here is when mysticism can be expressed without engagement by time. By mode of expression of Mysticism can be accepted by human being whenever and anywhere, as long as him aware of the Divinity in their self and totally consciousness to the Absolute
Last, here I wish to cite word of Schuon that “Metaphysical knowledge is sacred. It is right of sacred things to required of man all that he is” Mysticism is one of Metaphysical aspect which sacred things to required human being of this modern era to rediscovery the Origin and reunion with God. But it’s very seriously and need a totally consciousness to the Divine. Therefore; “Take Sufism as it most truly and most deeply is, or leave it”



Bibliography
1. Burckhardt, Titus. An Introduction to Sufism. Translated by: I.M. Matheson. Wellingborough: Thorsons. 1976
2. Lings, Martin. What is Sufisme. Unwin Paperback. London: 1981
3. Nasr, Sayyed Husen. Sufis Essays. ABC International Group. USA. 1991
4. Schuon, Frithjof. Understanding Islam. World Wisdom. Indiana. 1998
5. Toriquddin. Moh. Sekularitas Tasawuf; Membumikan Tasawuf Dalam Dunia Modern. UIN Malang Press. Malang: 2008
6. Lecturer Books. Chapter 8. Conforming to God. Page 55-66



Muhammad Abduh Ali Saputra

Serpong, 14 Mei 2009

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